{"id":98867,"date":"2024-11-16T14:14:00","date_gmt":"2024-11-16T11:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/?p=98867"},"modified":"2026-01-20T13:33:30","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T10:33:30","slug":"angkor-watin-kadim-gizemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/angkor-watin-kadim-gizemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Angkor Wat\u2019\u0131n Gizemi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:24px\">Pek \u00e7ok turist Angkor Wat&#8217;a hala ormanda y\u00fckselen gizemli bir harabe g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131yor. Ancak arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar Angkor uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne neden olan bir dizi olay\u0131n hayal edilenden \u00e7ok daha uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Angkor_Wat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Angkor Wat<\/strong><\/a> tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, her y\u0131l iki milyondan fazla turist taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret edilen d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck dini an\u0131t\u0131. Kambo\u00e7ya kimli\u011fini yans\u0131tan, \u00fclkenin bayra\u011f\u0131nda yer alan yap\u0131 Angkor uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc krallar\u0131ndan biri olan Kral Suryavarman II taraf\u0131ndan 12. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-g-mme-tutucu wp-block-embed-g-mme-tutucu wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Kambo\u00e7ya Gezisi\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/llbrMiqG-zI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarih\u00e7iler uzun y\u0131llar boyunca Angkor medeniyetinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, Angkor\u2019un ba\u015fkentinin ya\u011fmaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve terk edildi\u011fi 1431 y\u0131l\u0131na dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. <em>&#8220;Angkor ba\u015fkentinin terk edildi\u011fi&#8221;<\/em> fikri, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l s\u00f6m\u00fcrge yorumunda da rol oynam\u0131\u015f. Angkor Wat\u2019a hala ormanda y\u00fckselen terk edilmi\u015f bir harabe g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131yor. Ancak arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar bunun do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Angkor\u2019un \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131 ve buras\u0131 terk edilmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck dini kompleksi olan Angkor Wat, iki inan\u00e7 i\u00e7in kutsal. Kmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Angkor tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 900 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Hinduizm\u2019den Budizm\u2019e ge\u00e7i\u015fin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Kambo\u00e7ya ormanlar\u0131nda in\u015fa etti. Bu tap\u0131naklardan en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc Angkor Wat&#8217;t\u0131. Nemli bir orman\u0131n ortas\u0131nda kuleleri, kapal\u0131 galerileri, avlular\u0131, y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yollar\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131k kabartma oymalar\u0131 ile g\u00f6rkemli bir ta\u015f \u015fehir gibi y\u00fckseldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00f6lgede ayakta kalan y\u00fczlerce tap\u0131nak aras\u0131nda Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc kutsal mek\u00e2n\u0131 olan bu devasa kompleks, binden fazla binadan olu\u015fuyor ve yakla\u015f\u0131k <strong>400 d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck<\/strong> dev bir alan\u0131 kapl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor Wat\u2019\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na 12. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda Kmer kral\u0131 <strong>Suryavarman II<\/strong> <em>(M.S. 1113 \u2013 1150 civar\u0131)<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015fland\u0131. Kal\u0131nt\u0131lar kral\u0131n sonsuza kadar dinlenece\u011fi bir mezar olarak planland\u0131. Hinduizm\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenen ve ad\u0131 Kmer dilinde <em>\u201ctap\u0131naklar \u015fehri\u201d<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelen sitenin orijinal ad\u0131 <strong>Vrah Visnuloka<\/strong> <em>(Vi\u015fnu\u2019nun kutsal konutu)<\/em> idi ve \u00fc\u00e7 Hindu tanr\u0131s\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: <strong>Vi\u015fnu, \u015eiva <\/strong>ve<strong> Brahma.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yap\u0131n\u0131n en belirgin mimari \u00f6zelli\u011fi, kademeli katmanlar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f be\u015f kuleden <em>(d\u00f6rd\u00fc k\u00f6\u015felerde, biri ortada)<\/em> olu\u015fan merkezi d\u00f6rtgen. Lotus s\u0131ralar\u0131 tepeye yak\u0131n bir noktaya do\u011fru sivrilerek tanr\u0131lar\u0131n meskeni ve evrenin merkezi olan Meru Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n zirvelerini sembolize ediyor. Angkor Wat, <em>kozmosun d\u00fcnyevi bir modeli<\/em> olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc; evrenin <strong>ta\u015ftan minyat\u00fcr bir kopyas\u0131<\/strong> olan merkez kulesi yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 metre y\u00fckseklikte. D\u0131\u015f duvar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kenar\u0131ndaki da\u011flar\u0131, \u00e7evresindeki uzun hendek ise bunlar\u0131n \u00f6tesindeki okyanuslar\u0131 sembolize ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alana 617 metrelik bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcden ge\u00e7ilerek ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ve ard\u0131ndan tap\u0131na\u011fa giden yolda \u00fc\u00e7 galeriden ge\u00e7iliyor. \u0130\u00e7 duvarlar Hindu tanr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve antik Kmer sahnelerini temsil eden kabartma heykellerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra iki Sanskrit destan\u0131ndan Mahabharata ve Ramayana b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle kapl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Eski \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kavmi Kmerler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kmerler 9. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 15. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, y\u00f6neticileri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Myanmar\u2019\u0131ndan (Burma) Vietnam\u2019a kadar G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya anakaras\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yay\u0131lan geni\u015f ve sofistike bir imparatorlu\u011fa liderlik etmi\u015fler. Bu imparatorluk nehir ve da\u011f yollar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir a\u011f ile birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim bu d\u00f6nemde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ve besleyici ya\u011fmurlar sayesinde geli\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor Wat tap\u0131nak kompleksi, imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan bu yana ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 in\u015faat projelerinin oda\u011f\u0131 olan antik Kmer ba\u015fkenti Angkor\u2019un yan\u0131nda in\u015fa edildi. 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Suryavarman II y\u00f6netiminde Angkor Wat\u2019taki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ilerlerken, Kmer topraklar\u0131nda Hinduizm\u2019den Budizm\u2019e do\u011fru dini bir kayma ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Budizm uzun y\u0131llar boyunca Hinduizm ile bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir arada var olmu\u015ftu. Hinduizm 5. y\u00fczy\u0131l civar\u0131nda Hindistan\u2019dan t\u00fcccar ve misyonerler taraf\u0131ndan getirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suryavarman II\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 y\u0131l sonra, <strong>Kral Jayavarman VII<\/strong> 1181 y\u0131l\u0131nda tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n kom\u015fu <em>Chamlar<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan istila edilmesinin ard\u0131ndan Kmer servetini yeniden canland\u0131rd\u0131 ve Budizm\u2019i devlet dini haline getirerek stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Onun y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn, yak\u0131ndaki <strong>Bayon<\/strong> tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen pek \u00e7ok surat\u0131n modeli oldu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131yor. Angkor Wat ile birlikte in\u015fa edilen bu yeni ba\u015fkent, Kmer g\u00fcc\u00fcnde yeni bir zirveye i\u015faret ediyordu. \u015eehrin n\u00fcfusu bir milyona yakla\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor Wat 1300\u2019lere kadar bir Hindu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olmaya devam etti ve bu tarihte resmi olarak bir Budist alan\u0131 olarak yeniden tahsis edildi. Budistlerin Hinduizm\u2019e g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcye uygun olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck kabartmalar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lmad\u0131, de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu s\u0131rada Kmer \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu gerilemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1430\u2019larda Kmer h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Angkor\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fck komplekslerini terk ederek g\u00fcneyde yeni kurulan Phnom Penh\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor\u2019un kaderinde iklim de rol oynad\u0131. Angkor, en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Bat\u0131 Baray olan, 8 km uzunlu\u011funda ve 2,5 km geni\u015fli\u011finde hidrolik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olan geli\u015fmi\u015f bir rezervuarlar sistemine sahipti. Bu \u015febekenin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi \u00f6ncesi kentinde ya\u015fayan bir milyon ki\u015finin susuzlu\u011funu gidermenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra pirin\u00e7 tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 da suluyordu. Tarih\u00e7iler, bir dizi \u015fiddetli muson ya\u011fmurunun ve ard\u0131ndan gelen kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, hassas sulama altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f ve sitenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018Kay\u0131p\u2019 ve bulunanlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Orman zamanla b\u00f6lgeyi yeniden ele ge\u00e7irdi ve kentsel alan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yo\u011fun bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcyle kapland\u0131. Y\u0131k\u0131lan kulelerin aras\u0131ndan a\u011fa\u00e7lar y\u00fckseldi, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fi k\u00f6kleri s\u00fctunlara ve duvarlara doland\u0131. Art\u0131k orman ve harabe birbirinden ayr\u0131lamaz hale gelmi\u015fti. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Angkor Wat terk edilmedi. Kompleks, 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonu ile 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda Budist rahipler taraf\u0131ndan yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131larak hac ziyaretleri i\u00e7in bir alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Avrupal\u0131lar Angkor\u2019a gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131; \u00f6nce 1555 civar\u0131nda Portekizli t\u00fcccarlar, ard\u0131ndan da b\u00f6lgede Katolikli\u011fi yaymak isteyen misyonerler. Portekizlilerden sonra \u0130spanyol t\u00fcccarlar ve misyonerler geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Angkor\u2019un Cazibesi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sonraki birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca, Kambo\u00e7ya G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019dan, \u00f6zellikle de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Malaylardan ve Japon Budistlerden \u00e7ok say\u0131da t\u00fcccar\u0131 kabul etti\u011finden, Angkor yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan gelen gezginler \u00fczerinde manyetik bir \u00e7ekim olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130spanyol ve Portekizlilerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azal\u0131rken Hollandal\u0131lar Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019da Hollanda Do\u011fu Hindistan \u015eirketi\u2019nin bir merkezini kurdu. Angkor tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ana giri\u015finin duvarlar\u0131na boyanm\u0131\u015f bir Hollanda gemisinin ke\u015ffi, yerel ya\u015fam \u00fczerindeki etkiyi kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n Angkor\u2019a olan hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda had safhaya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Frans\u0131z ka\u015fif ve do\u011fa bilimci Henri Mouhot 1859 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Londra Kraliyet Co\u011frafya Derne\u011fi\u2019nin himayesi alt\u0131nda Angkor\u2019u ziyaret etti. Mouhot, Avrupal\u0131 koleksiyoncular i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeden bitki ve hayvan \u00f6rnekleri toplamak \u00fczere k\u00f6pe\u011fi Tine-tine e\u015fli\u011finde Nisan 1858\u2019de Bangkok\u2019a do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Angkor\u2019da \u00fc\u00e7 ay ge\u00e7irdi, harabeleri ke\u015ffetti, tap\u0131naklar\u0131n \u00e7izimlerini yapt\u0131 ve izlenimlerini g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerine kaydetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mouhot\u2019un \u00e7izimleri e\u015fli\u011finde Angkor\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131 ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n dikkatini Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n antik ba\u015fkentine \u00e7ekti. 1867\u2019de bir Frans\u0131z ke\u015fif heyeti, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte Mekong Nehri\u2019nin yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek \u00fczere b\u00f6lgeye geldi. \u00dcyelerden biri Louis Delaporte ad\u0131nda gelecek vaat eden gen\u00e7 bir sanat\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131. Delaporte\u2019un Angkor\u2019a ili\u015fkin ill\u00fcstrasyonlar\u0131 tap\u0131naklar\u0131n Bat\u0131 zihnindeki pop\u00fclerli\u011fini peki\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Kambo\u00e7ya sanat\u0131n\u0131n reprod\u00fcksiyonlar\u0131 1867 ve 1922 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki pop\u00fcler D\u00fcnya Sergilerinde sergilendi. 1931 Paris Koloni Sergisi\u2019nde Angkor Wat tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131 dikildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Orman\u0131n i\u00e7indeki dev \u015fehir<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bug\u00fcn manzaraya yo\u011fun bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc hakim ve y\u00fcksekten bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Angkor tap\u0131naklar\u0131 ormanla kaplanm\u0131\u015f adalar gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Kmer ba\u015fkenti, 12. ve 13. y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki en parlak d\u00f6neminde, burada g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi kentsel bir makro-kompleksti. Oyma ah\u015fap saraylara ve g\u00f6rkemli bir \u015fekilde dekore edilmi\u015f tap\u0131naklara ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yordu. \u015eehir surlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, s\u00fctunlar \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselen konutlar pirin\u00e7 tarlalar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6letleri ve kanallar\u0131 s\u00fcsl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ad\u0131 <em>\u201ckutsal k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\u201d<\/em> anlam\u0131na gelen <strong>Preah Khan<\/strong> tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, 1191 y\u0131l\u0131nda <strong>Jayavarman VII<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan babas\u0131 <strong>Dharanindravarman II<\/strong>\u2019nin onuruna in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli yap\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7i, avlular\u0131 ve odalar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan \u00e7apraz, labirentimsi ge\u00e7itlerden olu\u015fan bir a\u011fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Angkor Thom\u2019<\/strong>un G\u00fcney Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019na yakla\u015f\u0131rken yolun bir taraf\u0131nda y\u00fczleri buru\u015fuk iblisler s\u0131ralan\u0131yor. Onlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir s\u0131ra deva, yani iyiliksever Hindu tanr\u0131lar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor. Hem <em>devalar<\/em> hem de <em>asuralar <\/em><strong>naga <\/strong>ad\u0131 verilen bir y\u0131lan\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na t\u00fcnemi\u015fler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1200 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda in\u015fa edilen Bayon tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131, y\u00fcz metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde merkezi bir kule ile \u00e7evreye da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 54 kuleden olu\u015fuyor. Orman\u0131n ortas\u0131nda bir ta\u015f orman gibi. Bilim adamlar\u0131 eskiden kuleleri s\u00fcsleyen y\u00fczlerin Hindu tanr\u0131s\u0131 ve evrenin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Brahma\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerini temsil etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn ise bunlar\u0131n Bodhisattva (Buda aday\u0131) Avalokiteshvara\u2019y\u0131 temsil etti\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131yor. Model olarak Kral Jayavarman\u2019\u0131n benzerinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6lgeyi 1296 y\u0131l\u0131nda ziyaret eden \u00c7inli diplomat Zhou Da-guan, alt\u0131nla kapl\u0131 kuleler; Buda\u2019n\u0131n sekiz alt\u0131n fig\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fczelce dekore edilmi\u015f d\u0131\u015f galeriler ve muhafazan\u0131n ana giri\u015fi olarak hizmet veren iki alt\u0131n aslan heykeliyle \u00e7evrili alt\u0131n bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc tarif etmi\u015fti. Bug\u00fcn alt\u0131n kaplamadan ya da alt\u0131n heykellerden geriye hi\u00e7bir iz kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Angkor uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ne oldu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor devleti, bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan elveri\u015fli bir iklim d\u00f6neminde kuruldu ve b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. En parlak d\u00f6neminde Angkor h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya anakaras\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol ediyordu ancak 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda \u00e7ok say\u0131da de\u011fi\u015fiklik ya\u015fand\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor\u2019daki son b\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u015f tap\u0131nak 1295 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa ediliyor, En son Sanskrit\u00e7e yaz\u0131t da ayn\u0131 y\u0131la ait. Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n dili olan Kmer dilindeki son yaz\u0131t ise birka\u00e7 on y\u0131l sonra 1327\u2019de ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Angkor ba\u015fkentindeki bu son \u00f6rnekler Hinduizm\u2019in yerini alan Budizmi\u2019in benimsenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu de\u011fi\u015fim Hindu temelli g\u00fc\u00e7 yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bozuyor. Devlet destekli ta\u015f tap\u0131naklardan ah\u015faptan in\u015fa edilen topluluk temelli Budist pagodalara ge\u00e7i\u015f ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00c7in ile deniz ticareti art\u0131yor. Ba\u015fkentin daha g\u00fcneye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, y\u00f6neticilerin bu ekonomik f\u0131rsatlardan yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130klim ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, o d\u00f6nemde b\u00f6lge genelinde meydana gelen \u00e7evresel de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de ortaya koyuyor. \u015eiddetli muson ya\u011fmurlar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131na serpi\u015ftirilen ve onlarca y\u0131l s\u00fcren bir dizi kurakl\u0131k, Angkor\u2019un su tutma ve da\u011f\u0131tma bozuyordu. Orta\u00e7a\u011f Kmerleri, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 deneyimlemedikleri ve y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r oynad\u0131klar\u0131 oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir iklim istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131lar. Sel, sistemdeki ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n sistematik olarak kopmas\u0131yla birlikte erozyon ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eehrin g\u00fcneyinde kanallar Angkor\u2019un merkezinde a\u015f\u0131nan malzemeyle t\u0131kand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00f6lgede yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Angkor Wat\u2019\u0131n ve yak\u0131nlardaki Ta Prohm da dahil olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n \u00e7evrelerinin \u0131zgara sistemli h\u00f6y\u00fcklerle \u00e7evrili oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor. Bu h\u00f6y\u00fcklerde kimlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz net de\u011fil. Yaz\u0131tlarda tap\u0131naklar\u0131n i\u015flevini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in binlerce insana ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131yor, bu nedenle h\u00f6y\u00fcklerde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funun Angkor Wat tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda, belki de din uzmanlar\u0131, tap\u0131nak dans\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, m\u00fczisyenler veya di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler olarak bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor Wat tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kendisi hi\u00e7bir zaman terk edilmemi\u015f. Yabanc\u0131 ka\u015fiflerin ormanda kay\u0131p \u015fehirleri \u201cke\u015ffettikleri\u201d \u015feklindeki yogun kli\u015feler buras\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil. Tarihi kay\u0131tlarda \u015fehrin sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve terk edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde insanlar Angkor Wat ve \u00e7evresine geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen arazinin 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131 veya 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda yani Angkor\u2019un Ayutthaya taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmalan\u0131p terk edildi\u011fi varsay\u0131lan d\u00f6nemde yeniden i\u015fgal edildi\u011fini ve 17. veya 18. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor Wat, uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 geli\u015fmeleri i\u00e7in bir t\u00fcr haberci olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Angkor\u2019un gerilemesini bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f olarak tan\u0131mlamak yanl\u0131\u015f bir isimlendirmedir. Devam eden arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, Angkor halk\u0131n\u0131n yeniden organize oldu\u011funu ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Angkor Wat\u2019tan G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Dersler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019daki antik Kmer imparatorlu\u011fu Angkor\u2019u olu\u015fturan surlarla \u00e7evrili \u015fehirlerden biri olan Angkor Thom\u2019a giden yolun yan\u0131nda, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f kumta\u015f\u0131 bloklar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kemerli y\u0131k\u0131k d\u00f6k\u00fck bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc duruyor. K\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn pek bir \u00f6nemi yok gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor; alt\u0131ndan su akm\u0131yor. Her g\u00fcn tap\u0131nak alan\u0131na ziyaret\u00e7i ta\u015f\u0131yan tur otob\u00fcslerinden \u00e7ok az\u0131, e\u011fer varsa, turistlerin bakmas\u0131 i\u00e7in duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ancak Angkor uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r inceleyen \u00e7evre tarihi uzman\u0131 Dan Penny\u2019ye g\u00f6re k\u00f6pr\u00fc ilgi \u00e7ekici bir hikaye anlat\u0131yor. Penny\u2019e g\u00f6re k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hasar, Angkor \u015fehrini in\u015fa edenin su ya da suyun kontrol\u00fc oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131rken, ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na da suyun yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131, kanal\u0131n ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011finden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehrin ortas\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya indi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. Altyap\u0131ya, o s\u0131rada burada ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n onaramayaca\u011f\u0131 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zarar verdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Hidrolik \u015eehir<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor d\u00f6neminin 802 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Jayavarman II\u2019nin kendisini Kmer imparatorlu\u011funun \u201ctanr\u0131 kral\u0131\u201d ilan etmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Sonraki birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca, Angkor\u2019un sanayi \u00f6ncesi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri haline gelmesiyle yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon n\u00fcfuslu devasa bir kentsel kompleks ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Su sadece tar\u0131m ve sel a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmesi gereken bir kaynak de\u011fildi. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda kral\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcyle de ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri su, genellikle bir \u201chidrolik \u015fehir\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan Angkor\u2019un geli\u015fiminin merkezinde yer ald\u0131. Tepelerden gelen suyu toplamak ve depolamak i\u00e7in kanallar ve rezervuarlar in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sonraki birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca, \u015fehir geli\u015fmeye devam ederken sistem olduk\u00e7a iyi i\u015flemi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak 1300\u2019lerin ortalar\u0131nda Angkor s\u00fcrekli bir kurakl\u0131ktan muzdarip olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bunu birka\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcren al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k derecede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc muson ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 izledi ve \u015fehrin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f edemedi\u011fi yo\u011fun sel bask\u0131nlar\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Siem Reap<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angkor Wat muhtemelen Siem Reap\u2019e gelen ziyaret\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ana cazibe merkezi, ancak \u015fehirde daha fazlas\u0131 var ve birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn kalmaya ve ke\u015ffetmeye de\u011fer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Siem Reap\u2019te ziyaret edilmesi gereken yerlerden biri de Pub Street. Red Piano\u2019da klasik bir Tomb Raider kokteyli i\u00e7erek g\u00fcn\u00fcn yorgunlu\u011funu atabilirsiniz. \u015eehirde al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da pazar bulunuyor. Canl\u0131 hayvan ve meyvelerle ilgilenmiyorsan\u0131z her \u015feyi sat\u0131n alabilece\u011finiz gece pazarlar\u0131na gidin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Asya\u2019ya gidip de masaj yapt\u0131rmamak olur mu? Siem Reap\u2019in d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda 30 dakikas\u0131 2-3 dolara masaj yapt\u0131rabilece\u011finiz salonlar var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Siem Reap d\u00fczl\u00fckte kurulmu\u015f bir \u015fehir. Geni\u015f ve temiz kald\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, nehir kenar\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yollar\u0131 var. Asya \u015fehirlerinin tipik trafik kaosu burada yok. Kar\u015f\u0131dan kar\u015f\u0131ya nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ece\u011finiz konusunda endi\u015felenmenize gerek kalmadan kolayca y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilirsiniz. Alternatif olarak, tuk-tuk\u2019lar\u0131 da kullanabilirsiniz. \u015eehir i\u00e7indeki \u00e7o\u011fu mesafe size 2-3 dolara mal olacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yerinde oldu\u011fu gibi burada da genellikle hem ABD dolar\u0131 hem de Kambo\u00e7ya rieliyle \u00f6deme yapabilirsiniz. Bir \u015feyi dolar olarak \u00f6derseniz, sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ellerinde ne oldu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak riel olarak veya her ikisinin bir kombinasyonu olarak para \u00fcst\u00fc alma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131z var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kampong Phluk<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tonle Sap G\u00f6l\u00fc y\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131ndaki ve \u00fcst\u00fcndeki biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi sayesinde UNESCO biyosfer rezerv alan\u0131. G\u00f6l\u00fcn k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan Kampong Phluk, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n dingin ve otantik g\u00fczelli\u011fini ke\u015ffetmek isteyen gezginler i\u00e7in e\u015fsiz ve s\u00fcr\u00fckleyici bir deneyim. Ayakl\u0131 evleri, yemye\u015fil mangrovlar\u0131 ve canl\u0131 yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle bu b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici y\u00fczen k\u00f6y, g\u00f6ldeki geleneksel ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kampong Phluk\u2019a Siem Reap\u2019ten araba ya da tekne yolculu\u011fuyla ula\u015f\u0131labiliyor. Su seviyesindeki mevsimsel de\u011fi\u015fikliklere uyum sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in evlerin y\u00fcksek kaz\u0131klar \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Bir tekneyle k\u00f6y\u00fcn i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erken, evleri de yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6rme f\u0131rsat\u0131 oluyor. G\u00f6l \u00fczerinde y\u00fczen k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan bir\u00e7ok insana ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kampong Phluk\u2019ta mangrov ormanlar\u0131 da var. Bu yemye\u015fil ortam vah\u015fi ya\u015famla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e. Sel ve erozyona kar\u015f\u0131 hayati bir tampon g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kanoyla bu b\u00f6lgeyi gezme f\u0131rsat\u0131m\u0131z oldu. \u00c7e\u015fitli ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerini, bal\u0131klar\u0131 ve di\u011fer su canl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131ndan g\u00f6rd\u00fck. K\u00f6y halk\u0131n\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve uygulamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in k\u00f6y\u00fcn pagodas\u0131 ziyaret edilebilir. Kambo\u00e7ya halk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc geleneklerini burada tan\u0131yabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Siem Reap\u2019e yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 kilometre uzakl\u0131ktaki Kampong Phluk\u2019u ziyaret etmek i\u00e7in ideal zaman, y\u00fcksek su sezonu olan Eyl\u00fcl-\u015eubat aylar\u0131 aras\u0131. \u0130ster y\u00fczen k\u00f6yde s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcyor ister sakin mangrovlar\u0131 ke\u015ffediyor ya da s\u0131cakkanl\u0131 yerel halkla etkile\u015fime giriyor olun, Kampong Phluk Kambo\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n geleneksel ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n kalbine e\u015fsiz ve unutulmaz bir yolculuk sunacak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">20-24 Kas\u0131m 2024<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pek \u00e7ok turist Angkor Wat&#8217;a hala gizemli ormanda y\u00fckselen terk edilmi\u015f bir harabe g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131yor. Ancak arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar Angkor uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. S\u00fcre\u00e7 daha \u00f6nce hayal edilenden \u00e7ok daha uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":98871,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1527,1532,1526,1528,1530,1524,1531,1529,1533,1525,1535,1534],"class_list":["post-98867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi","tag-angkor-tapinaklari","tag-angkor-wat","tag-ayutthaya-kralligi","tag-bayon-tapinagi","tag-kambocya","tag-kambocya-gezisi","tag-kambocya-ormanlari","tag-kambocya-seyahati","tag-kmer-krali","tag-phnom-penh","tag-siem-reap","tag-ta-prohm-tapinagi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98867"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98867\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98871"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}