{"id":66031,"date":"2023-08-09T17:57:45","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T14:57:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/?p=66031"},"modified":"2026-01-16T11:41:30","modified_gmt":"2026-01-16T08:41:30","slug":"rosetta-tasinin-sifreleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/rosetta-tasinin-sifreleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u015fifreleri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Antik M\u0131s\u0131r an\u0131tlarda bulunan resimli yaz\u0131lar olan hiyeroglifler, M\u0131s\u0131r firavunlar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131p dilini temsil ediyordu. Bu yaz\u0131lar y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca a\u015f\u0131lmaz bir gizemdi. Bu yaz\u0131larda hangi olaylar\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131rlar boyunca anla\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131. \u015eifre 200 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1822’de, eski M\u0131s\u0131r’a tutkuyla ba\u011fl\u0131 yetenekli bir dilbilimci olan Jean-Francois Champollion<\/a>‘un Paris’teki bir akademiye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunumla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc. Be\u015f g\u00fcn \u00f6nce Champollion son bulu\u015fu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fti; o kadar heyecan verici bir and\u0131 ki “Buldum” diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra bay\u0131ld\u0131 ve sonraki birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn\u00fc yata\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7irmek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gizemin merkezinde, granite benzer bir kaya olan granodiyoritten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 720 kiloluk bir levha olan ve \u015fu anda Londra’daki British Museum’da bulunan Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyu gizemini korudu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n hikayesi neredeyse y\u00fczeyine kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hiyerogliflerin \u015fifresinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi kadar karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131. Ta\u015f, Temmuz 1799’da Nil Deltas\u0131’nda, \u015fimdiki ad\u0131 Rasheed olan Rosetta’daki bir kalenin onar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilmi\u015fti. Napolyon bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015f ve beraberinde sadece bir ordu de\u011fil, tak\u0131nt\u0131 haline getirdi\u011fi M\u0131s\u0131r tarihi bilginlerini de getirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6nemi neredeyse an\u0131nda anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Biri hiyeroglif, di\u011feri o zamanlar bilinmeyen bir dilde olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 metin paneli ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l klasik bilginleri taraf\u0131ndan iyi bilinen ve anla\u015f\u0131lan bir dil olan eski Yunancayd\u0131. Bu da ta\u015f\u0131n d\u00f6nemin \u00e7ocuk firavunu V. Ptolemaios’un otoritesini tesis etmek i\u00e7in bir bildiri oldu\u011funu ve M\u00d6 186 civar\u0131nda oyuldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer iki panelin de tamamen ayn\u0131 metni ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Birdenbire hiyeroglifleri Yunanca ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak anlaman\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metnin kopyalar\u0131 Avrupa ve hatta ABD’deki akademisyenler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131, ancak as\u0131l ta\u015f farkl\u0131 bir yoldayd\u0131. Napolyon’un filosu 1798’deki Nil Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Amiral Horatio Nelson taraf\u0131ndan yok edilmi\u015f ve morali bozulan ordusu nihayet 1801’de \u0130ngilizlere teslim olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n protestolar\u0131na ra\u011fmen Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ganimeti olarak al\u0131nd\u0131 ve Kral 3. George’a sunuldu; o da ta\u015f\u0131 o zamandan beri sergilendi\u011fi British Museum’a verdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hiyerogliflerin gizemi hen\u00fcz tam olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclememi\u015fti. Metnin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hasarl\u0131 ya da kay\u0131pt\u0131 ve \u00e7ok az \u015fey bilindi\u011fi i\u00e7in soldan sa\u011fa m\u0131, tersinden mi, hatta yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya m\u0131 okunmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi net de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pop\u00fcler teorilerden biri, bunlar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir dil bile olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun yerine ruhani fikirleri ifade etti\u011fiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk bulu\u015f, 1814 y\u0131l\u0131nda ta\u015flar\u0131 incelemeye ba\u015flayan \u0130ngiliz doktor Thomas Young’dan geldi. Bilimsel ke\u015fifleri nedeniyle “Fenomen” olarak bilinen Young, sonunda hiyerogliflerin Ptolemy de dahil olmak \u00fczere isimler i\u00e7erdi\u011finde fonetik oldu\u011fu sonucuna vard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Young’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 daha sonra 1820’de Champollion taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131. Fonetik teorisi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Champollion, sonunda t\u00fcm hiyerogliflerin fonetik oldu\u011funu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda resimsel de olabileceklerini fark etti. Birka\u00e7 hiyeroglif ayn\u0131 zamanda bir kelimeyi sessiz harflere b\u00f6lerek temsil edebiliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir ba\u015far\u0131yd\u0131. Hiyeroglifler M.\u00d6. 3.300’lerden itibaren eski M\u0131s\u0131rcan\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imi olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f ve M.S. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda yok olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu insan\u0131n neredeyse okuma yazma bilmedi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, yaln\u0131zca rahipler de dahil olmak \u00fczere en e\u011fitimli ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan okunmak \u00fczere tasarlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131’ndaki ikinci panel de bu noktada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Hiyerogliflerden ziyade alfabe sembollerine dayanan ve okunmas\u0131 ve yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok daha kolay olan Demotik bir yaz\u0131yd\u0131. Zamanla dini metinler hari\u00e7 her \u015feyde hiyerogliflerin yerini ald\u0131 ve sonunda M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n yerli H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131n dili olan K\u0131pti diline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngilizlerle Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n rekabeti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ta\u015f \u00fczerindeki ilk Demotik kelimeler de Silvestre de Sacy ad\u0131nda bir Frans\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan terc\u00fcme edildi. Arap dilleri konusunda uzman olan Sacy, Champollion’a ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapm\u0131\u015f ve onu te\u015fvik etmi\u015f, ancak sonunda rakibini sahtek\u00e2r olarak nitelendirerek onunla ters d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, Champollion ve Young da ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta birbirlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6v\u00fcyorlard\u0131, ancak ke\u015fif i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fcy\u00fc kimin almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda ili\u015fkiler so\u011fudu –<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kisi de \u015f\u00f6hretlerinin de\u011ferini bilecek kadar uzun ya\u015famad\u0131. Champollion 1832’de 41 ya\u015f\u0131nda, Young ise 1829’da 55 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc. Sadece katk\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde unutulan de Sacy ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve 1838’de 79 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

British Museum’un y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131 bug\u00fcn British Museum’un 4 numaral\u0131 odas\u0131nda, en b\u00fcy\u00fck hazinesi oldu\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131r heykelleri koleksiyonunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak sergileniyor. Koruyucu cam\u0131n arkas\u0131nda sergilenen ta\u015f, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma amac\u0131yla yerin 50 metre alt\u0131ndaki bir t\u00fcnele ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 220 y\u0131ld\u0131r orada bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonundan beri ta\u015f\u0131n gelece\u011fiyle ilgili kararlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulan M\u0131s\u0131r, onu geri almak istiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 arkeolog Dr. Zahi Hawass, \u00fclkesinin en de\u011ferli \u00fc\u00e7 eseri olan Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131, Paris’teki Louvre M\u00fczesi’nde bulunan bir Zodyak tavan\u0131 ve Berlin’deki Neuse M\u00fczesi’nde bulunan Krali\u00e7e Nefertiti b\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn iadesi i\u00e7in bir imza kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zel bir r\u00f6portajda “Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131 M\u0131s\u0131r kimli\u011finin simgesidir. British Museum’un bu eseri halka g\u00f6stermeye hakk\u0131 yoktur.” dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

British Museum ise ta\u015f\u0131n iadesi i\u00e7in resmi bir talepte bulunulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Yunanistan’\u0131n talep etti\u011fi Elgin Mermerleri’nde oldu\u011fu gibi alt metin, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan milyonlarca insan\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131 Londra’da, orijinal evinde oldu\u011fundan daha fazla g\u00f6rebilmi\u015f olmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kahire’deki piramitlerin g\u00f6lgesinde a\u00e7\u0131lacak B\u00fcy\u00fck M\u0131s\u0131r M\u00fczesi’nde Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz bir yer olmasa da, di\u011fer eserler aras\u0131nda Tutankamon’un mezar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi de bulunuyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Antik M\u0131s\u0131r y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca karanl\u0131kta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ta ki M\u0131s\u0131rbilimcileri teste tabi tutan bir ta\u015f levhan\u0131n ke\u015ffine kadar. Siyah ta\u015f levha eski M\u0131s\u0131r uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na uzanan yolu ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 dilde kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f 3.000 y\u0131ll\u0131k Rosetta Ta\u015f\u0131, eski M\u0131s\u0131r hiyerogliflerini anlaman\u0131n anahtar\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66034,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[1343],"class_list":["post-66031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notlar","tag-rosetta-tasi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66031"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66031\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66034"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}