{"id":64947,"date":"2023-01-06T16:34:15","date_gmt":"2023-01-06T13:34:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/?p=64947"},"modified":"2026-01-19T18:48:42","modified_gmt":"2026-01-19T15:48:42","slug":"issiz-adada-dort-yil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/issiz-adada-dort-yil\/","title":{"rendered":"Iss\u0131z adada d\u00f6rt y\u0131l!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

G\u00fcney Pasifik Okyanusu<\/strong>\u2018nda, \u015eili\u2019nin sekiz y\u00fcz kilometre a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, milyonlarca deniz ku\u015funa ve binlerce fok bal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapan, s\u0131cak aylarda istakoz avlamaya gelen bir avu\u00e7 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kimsenin ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131, on bir kilometre uzunlu\u011funda, alt\u0131 bu\u00e7uk kilometre geni\u015fli\u011finde dik bir volkanik ada vard\u0131r. Resmi ad\u0131 Alejandro Selkirk<\/a><\/strong> olan adaya ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in Santiago\u2019dan haftada iki kez kalkan sekiz koltuklu bir u\u00e7a\u011fa binip y\u00fcz altm\u0131\u015f kilometre do\u011fudaki ba\u015fka bir adaya gitmek gerekir. Bazen teknenin yola \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi i\u00e7in uygun hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcnlerce beklenebilir. Ard\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir tekneyle okyanusta tehlikeli bir yolculuk ba\u015flar. On iki saatlik bu maceral\u0131 yolculuktan sonra tak\u0131madalardaki tek yerle\u015fim olan k\u00f6ye var\u0131l\u0131r.  Bu adan\u0131n ad\u0131 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015eili Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca Alejandro Selkirk<\/em> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Daniel Defoe<\/a>\u2018nun Robinson Crusoe<\/a> adl\u0131 roman\u0131na esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan \u0130sko\u00e7 denizcinin an\u0131s\u0131na, onun ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan adaya yerliler Masafuera<\/em> der. Anlam\u0131 Daha Uzakta<\/strong>\u2018d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131 d\u00fcnyadan uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran sessizlik<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Robinson
Bu ada Sonsuz yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 arayan i\u00e7in buras\u0131 nihai var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Teknoloji bizi foto\u011fraf payla\u015fmaya, h\u0131zl\u0131 t\u00fcketmeye zorlasa da aksini arayanlar\u0131n ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izini s\u00fcrenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 hi\u00e7 de az de\u011fil. Turistlerin ak\u0131n etti\u011fi pop\u00fcler merkezler hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n da merkezi haline gelebiliyor. Rahatlamak i\u00e7in gidilen yerler huzursuzlu\u011fun kayna\u011f\u0131 olabiliyor. Bizi dinlendirece\u011fini hayal etti\u011fimiz yolculuklar kabusa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febiliyor. Kalabal\u0131ktan ka\u00e7anlarla pop\u00fcler olma pe\u015finde ko\u015fanlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn derinle\u015fiyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki ne yapmal\u0131? \u00c7are, \u0131ss\u0131z bir ada bulup yerle\u015fmek olabilir mi? Baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in evet, olabilir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 arayanlar bir yolunu bulup hayallerine ula\u015fabiliyor. Onlar\u0131n hedefi, kimsenin u\u011framad\u0131\u011f\u0131, telefon ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bile olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler\u2026 R\u00fcyalar\u0131m\u0131zda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, hayalini kurdu\u011fumuz d\u00fcnyalar\u2026 \u0130nsanlardan yorulan, trafikten bunalan, cep telefonlar\u0131ndan b\u0131kanlar i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde hala sessiz, sakin, kimsesiz yerler var. \u015eili\u2019nin Robinson Crusoe Adas\u0131<\/strong> bunlardan sadece biri. Ancak buras\u0131 hayallerinizden de sessiz bir yer. \u0130nsan\u0131 d\u00fcnyadan yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ran bir yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa sahip. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonsuz yaln\u0131zl\u0131k arayan turistler i\u00e7in buras\u0131 bir anlamda nihai var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131. Ada, dik kayalar ve yar\u0131klardan akan derelerden olu\u015fuyor. 1972 y\u0131l\u0131nda ada ile \u015eili\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti Santiago aras\u0131nda u\u00e7u\u015flar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Ard\u0131ndan, ziyaret\u00e7iler i\u00e7in Crusoe Island Lodge<\/strong> in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. Havaalan\u0131ndan adan\u0131n tek n\u00fcfus merkezi olan San Juan Bautista\u2019ya (herkes buraya \u201cel pueblo\u201d diyor)<\/em> \u00fcst\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k bir tekneyle gitmek bir saat s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Yolculu\u011fa her zaman albatroslar ve yelkovan ku\u015flar\u0131 e\u015flik ediyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu aday\u0131 tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in Alexander Selkirk<\/strong>‘\u00fcn hayatta kalma m\u00fccadelesini bilmek gerekiyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onun yolu bu adayla nas\u0131l kesi\u015fti? Yaln\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu adada neler yapt\u0131? Nas\u0131l kurtuldu ve sonras\u0131nda neler oldu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daniel Defoe<\/strong>\u2019nun roman\u0131na ilham veren \u0130sko\u00e7 denizcinin ak\u0131l almaz hikayesini gelin hep birlikte hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Selkirk<\/strong>‘\u00fcn<\/strong> hayatta kalma m\u00fccadelesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnyada daha az insan ya\u015f\u0131yordu ve uzak mesafeler aras\u0131nda an\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kuracak teknoloji yoktu. Sava\u015flar, ayaklanmalar, tedavisi olmayan hastal\u0131klar ve di\u011fer say\u0131s\u0131z tehlike, 1600\u2019lerde 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndan sonra ya\u015faman\u0131n pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Hayatta kalmak i\u00e7in zorlu bir m\u00fccadele gerektiren o g\u00fcnler ku\u015fkusuz g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde Alexander Selkirk<\/strong> ad\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk, m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir ayakkab\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yedinci o\u011flu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Y\u0131l 1676\u2019yd\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aile \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n Fife kasabas\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yordu. O s\u0131rada \u0130sko\u00e7ya, \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131. 1688\u2019de kral\u0131 tahttan indirecek bir darbeyi i\u00e7eren \u201c\u015eanl\u0131 Devrim\u201d<\/em> ayaklanmalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7alkant\u0131l\u0131 ortamda ya\u015famak zor, \u00e7ocuk olarak hayatta kalabilmek daha da zordu. \u015eartlara kafa tutmaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7are yoktu. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n kahraman\u0131 olan Alexander Selkirk<\/strong> isyank\u00e2r bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. Kavgac\u0131 ve asi bir miza\u00e7la b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Zaten hayatta kalabilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir \u00e7aresi de yoktu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019n\u0131n umutsuz havas\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcn say\u0131yordu. F\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 buldu\u011funda adadan ayr\u0131lacak, r\u00fcyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen gelece\u011fi ba\u015fka yerlerde arayacakt\u0131. 17 ya\u015f\u0131nda bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn denize a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Mesle\u011fi korsanl\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Denizde ya\u015fam ki\u015fili\u011fini daha da sertle\u015ftirdi. Art\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcmden korkmayan, nefes almak i\u00e7in kavga eden, hayalini kurdu\u011fu g\u00fcnlere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in kan d\u00f6kmekten \u00e7ekinmeyen bir korsand\u0131. 1700\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130spanya Veraset Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda Frans\u0131z ve \u0130spanyollara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131. Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler bu sava\u015f\u0131 insanl\u0131k tarihindeki ilk ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r. Bu tecr\u00fcbeden hayatta kalabilen Selkirk <\/strong>art\u0131k korkusuz bir denizciydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kader yolculu\u011fu ba\u015fl\u0131yor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130spanyol kalyonlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan zorlu sava\u015flardan k\u0131l pay\u0131 kurtulan Selkirk, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Cinque Ports<\/em> adl\u0131 bir geminin ikinci kaptan\u0131 oldu ve Kaptan Thomas Stradling<\/strong>‘in emrinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl 1704\u2019te geminin tatl\u0131 su ve di\u011fer kaynaklar\u0131 ikmal etmesi gerekiyordu. Bu y\u00fczden Stradling, Cinque Ports\u2019u \u015eili k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n 416 mil a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki Juan Fernandez Tak\u0131madalar\u0131<\/em>\u2018nda bir adada durdurdu. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck volkanik ada Isla M\u00e1s a Tierra<\/strong> olarak biliniyordu ve insan ya\u015fam\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gemiye ikmal yaparken Selkirk ile Kaptan Stradling aras\u0131nda yine bir tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Konu denize a\u00e7\u0131lma zaman\u0131yd\u0131. Geminin ah\u015fab\u0131, solucan istilas\u0131 nedeniyle hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Selkirk, geminin onlar eve d\u00f6nemeden bataca\u011f\u0131ndan emindi. Bu yolculu\u011fun gemideki herkes i\u00e7in bir \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ancak kaptan bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi \u00f6fkeyle reddetti ve geminin iyi durumda oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk kaptana o kadar sinirlenmi\u015fti ki, su s\u0131zd\u0131ran gemiye tekrar ayak basmaktansa Isla M\u00e1s a Tierra<\/strong>\u2018da mahsur kalmay\u0131 tercih etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Stradling bu beyan\u0131 ciddiye ald\u0131. Selkirk\u2019e biraz erzak verip adada kalma iste\u011fini yerine getirdi. Selkirk k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede hatas\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131 ve umutsuzca gemiye geri d\u00f6nmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak inat\u00e7\u0131 kaptan Stradling buna izin vermeyerek onsuz yelken a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iss\u0131z adada 4 y\u0131l 4 ay…<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk, Cinque Ports\u2019un ufukta kaybolu\u015funu \u00e7aresizlikle izlerdi. Yan\u0131nda sadece ki\u015fisel e\u015fyalar\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Tabancas\u0131, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, baltas\u0131yla, biraz yulaf, t\u00fct\u00fcn, \u0130ncil, gemiden birka\u00e7 seyir aleti ve s\u0131rt\u0131ndaki giysiler\u2026 E\u015fyalar\u0131yla \u0131ss\u0131z adada tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya\u015fayacakt\u0131. Bu tecr\u00fcbenin d\u00f6rt y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrece\u011fini elbette bilmiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1s a Tierra<\/strong> adas\u0131 \u0131ss\u0131zd\u0131 ama her zaman de\u011fil. Kendisinden \u00f6nce adaya u\u011frayan \u0130spanyol denizciler buraya fareleri, kedilerini ve birka\u00e7 yaban ke\u00e7isi b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ke\u00e7iler Selkirk i\u00e7in besin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftu; onlar\u0131 \u00f6nce tabancas\u0131yla, barut bitince de b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla avl\u0131yordu. \u0130ri yar\u0131 farelerden \u00e7ok \u00e7ekti. Uykusunda ona sald\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131. Vah\u015fi kedilerle arkada\u015f olup farelerden korunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk adan\u0131n t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 sonuna kadar kulland\u0131. Bal\u0131k tuttu, dikenli \u0131stakoz yakalad\u0131, ke\u00e7i sa\u011fd\u0131, yabani \u015falgam, lahana toplad\u0131. B\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6relip k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra sahilde buldu\u011fu f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 \u00e7emberlerinden yeni bir b\u0131\u00e7ak bile yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adan\u0131n havas\u0131 nispeten \u0131l\u0131man olsa da, Selkirk\u2019in ya\u011fmurdan ve gece so\u011fuklar\u0131ndan korunmak i\u00e7in bar\u0131na\u011fa ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131. Baz\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 keserek uyumak, yemek pi\u015firmek ve yiyecek depolamak i\u00e7in iki kul\u00fcbe in\u015fa etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk, kendisine b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u0130ncil\u2019i okuyarak ve ilahiler s\u00f6yleyerek akl\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Giysileri birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra eskiyince ke\u00e7ilerin derilerini y\u00fczd\u00fc. \u00c7ivi ve biraz iplik kullanarak yeni giysiler dikti. Ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131 da eskimi\u015fti. Zaman i\u00e7inde yal\u0131nayak kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn adada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt y\u0131l d\u00f6rt ay<\/strong> boyunca iki gemi k\u0131y\u0131ya yana\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bir sorun vard\u0131; her iki gemi de \u0130spanyollara aitti. Onu bulmalar\u0131 halinde yakalanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hapsedilece\u011fini ve hatta \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fini biliyordu. \u0130ki gemiden biri onu fark etti. Ancak adan\u0131n arazisi hakk\u0131ndaki bilgisi, \u0130spanyol denizcilerden saklanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Sonunda \u0130spanyollar pes edip adadan ayr\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kurulu\u015f yak\u0131n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Alexander Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn inan\u0131lmaz hayat\u0131 mutlu sona ula\u015ft\u0131. 2 \u015eubat 1709<\/strong>\u2018da Duke<\/em> adl\u0131 bir \u0130ngiliz korsan gemisi ada a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda demirledi. Denizciler karaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Selkirk, onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inanam\u0131yor, kendisine yakla\u015fanlar\u0131 hayalet san\u0131yordu. Onlar\u0131n dost ve kurtar\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sevin\u00e7ten \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Duke\u2019un m\u00fcrettebat\u0131na yiyecek ve su sa\u011flad\u0131. Baz\u0131 denizcilerin hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 adadaki otlarla tedavi etmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duke\u2019un kaptan\u0131 Woodes Rogers, Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn hayatta kalma becerileri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kaptan defterine onunla ilgili \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve d\u00fcnyadan el etek \u00e7ekmenin \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n hayal etti\u011fi kadar \u00e7ekilmez bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, \u00f6zellikle de insanlar bu adam gibi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde bu duruma itildiklerinde ya da \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rogers, Selkirk\u2019\u00fc geminin ikinci kaptan\u0131 yapt\u0131. Karaya ayak bast\u0131klar\u0131nda onu filosunda bir gemiye kaptan yapacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk, \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019ya d\u00f6nmek yerine denizde kalarak \u0130spanyol gemilerini ya\u011fmalad\u0131. Meksika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda alt\u0131n av\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca d\u00fcnyay\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra nihayet \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve sonraki on y\u0131l boyunca \u00fcnl\u00fc bir denizci olarak hayat\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz, Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek yuvas\u0131yd\u0131 ve 1720\u2019de bir ba\u015fka korsanl\u0131k seferine yaz\u0131ld\u0131. Bu yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Aral\u0131k 1721\u2019de Afrika k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda muhtemelen sar\u0131 hummadan \u00f6ld\u00fc. Denizde g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. 55 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Selkirk<\/strong>\u2018\u00fcn bu inan\u0131lmaz hikayesi, yazar Daniel Defoe<\/strong>\u2018ya yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 y\u0131ld\u0131r pop\u00fclerli\u011fini koruyan Robinson Crusoe<\/strong> roman\u0131n\u0131 yazmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ilham verecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk’\u00fc adada b\u0131rakan kaptan\u0131n sonu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk, <\/strong>Cinque Portes<\/strong><\/em>\u2018in kaptan\u0131 Thomas Stradling<\/strong> ile tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve gemi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, \u0131ss\u0131z bir adaya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, devam etmeden \u00f6nce gerekli onar\u0131mlar\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunmu\u015ftu. Stradling bunu reddedince Selkirk isyan etmi\u015f, gemiden indirilmeyi talep etmi\u015f ve m\u00fcrettebat aras\u0131nda i\u015fbirlik\u00e7iler aramaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu, kaptan\u0131n elini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir bl\u00f6f olabilir. Ancak Stradling buna boyun e\u011fmi\u015f, Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn e\u015fyalar\u0131yla birlikte gemiden inmesine izin vermi\u015f, sonra da Selkirk fikrini de\u011fi\u015ftirince onu gemiye geri almay\u0131 reddetmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adas\u0131nda tek ba\u015f\u0131na kalan Selkirk aylarca depresyonla m\u00fccadele etti ama sonunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Tatl\u0131 su bulmu\u015f, yerli erik, \u00e7ilek ve kerevit yemi\u015f, \u0130ncil okumu\u015f ve yemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bar\u0131nak ve giysi i\u00e7in derisini y\u00fczd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ke\u00e7ileri avlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kurtar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu iyiydi, ancak d\u00f6rt y\u0131ld\u0131r kimseyle konu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kurtar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurmakta zorland\u0131. Rogers, dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u015fekilde Selkirk\u2019\u00fc g\u00f6revine iade etti ve Selkirk iki y\u0131l daha Rogers\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcrettebat\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcyesi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn idare etti\u011fi ancak kaptanla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131ktan sonra ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cinque Ports gemisinin kaderi tam da Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn tahmin etti\u011fi gibi olmu\u015ftu. Cinque Portes yola devam edecek durumda de\u011fildi ve Selkirk\u2019\u00fc karaya b\u0131rakt\u0131ktan sadece birka\u00e7 hafta sonra batt\u0131. Kaptan Stradling ve t\u00fcm m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6lmemek i\u00e7in \u0130spanyollara teslim oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stradling ve m\u00fcrettebattan hayatta kalanlar aylarca Lima\u2019da \u00e7ok zor ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda \u0130spanyollar\u0131n esiri olarak kald\u0131lar. Gemide bulunan 63 denizciden sadece 18\u2019i bu \u00e7ileli yolculuktan sa\u011f kurtuldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Robinson Crusoe asl\u0131nda Aleksander Selkirk m\u00fcyd\u00fc?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn (1676-1721) Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019ndaki bir adada kazazede olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Defoe\u2019nun Robinson Crusoe\u2019suna ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu. Ya da biz \u00f6yle oldu\u011funu san\u0131yoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Defoe\u2019nun kendisi bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmedi. Selkirk, o g\u00fcnlerde Defoe\u2019nun dikkatini \u00e7ekebilecek tek Avrupal\u0131 denizci de\u011fildi. Ancak Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn deneyimi 1710\u2019larda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de en iyi bilinen macerayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk, 1711\u2019de \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u015f\u00f6hret haline gelmi\u015f ve adada ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi s\u00fcrenin hem \u00f6ncesinde hem de sonras\u0131nda korsanl\u0131k ganimetlerinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir servet kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn karadaki hayata uyum sa\u011flamakta zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bazen kendini bir kul\u00fcbeye kapat\u0131p a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede i\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. \u0130ki kad\u0131nla evlenmi\u015f, her ikisiyle de ayn\u0131 anda evli kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Asl\u0131nda her zaman kavgac\u0131 bir insan olmu\u015f, ailesiyle kavga etmi\u015f ve kanunla ba\u015f\u0131 derde girmi\u015fti. Stradling\u2019le olan kavgas\u0131, bir otorite fig\u00fcr\u00fcyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selkirk\u2019\u00fc 1709\u2019da kurtaran geminin kaptan\u0131 Woodes Rogers<\/strong>, 1712 tarihli A Cruising Voyage Round the World<\/a><\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn hik\u00e2yesini kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Richard Steele<\/strong>, Selkirk ile bir r\u00f6portaj yapm\u0131\u015f ve 1713 y\u0131l\u0131nda The Englishman <\/em>adl\u0131 dergisinde bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesini yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yak\u0131n zamanda arkeologlar Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn mahsur kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Robinson Crusoe\u2019nun Adas\u0131 <\/strong>olarak bilinen adada yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmada kamp yerini tespit ettiler. Hatta, ona ait olabilecek bir y\u00f6n bulma aletinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peki Robinson Crusoe<\/strong> roman\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en ki\u015fi Alexander Selkirk\u2019\u00fcn kendisi miydi? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu soruya yan\u0131t vermesi gereken ki\u015fi roman\u0131 yazan Daniel Defoe<\/a>‘ydu ama o bu soruya hi\u00e7bir zaman net bir yan\u0131t vermedi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okurlar\u0131n\u0131 roman\u0131n i\u00e7indeki d\u00fcnyaya sokmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Robinson Crusoe’nun ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck hayranlar\u0131ndan biri olan JeanJacques Rousseau<\/strong> olmu\u015ftu. E\u011fitim \u00dczerine<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde kitab\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n e\u011fitiminde kullan\u0131lacak temel metin olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Rousseau metnin tamam\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, sadece Robinson’un \u0131ss\u0131z bir adada yirmi be\u015f y\u0131l boyunca hayatta kalmas\u0131yla ilgili ortadaki uzun k\u0131sm\u0131 dikkate alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kitab\u0131n en ilgi uyand\u0131ran k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r. Hayatta kalma \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ekicili\u011fi k\u0131smen Robinson’un anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131lardan gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7l\u0131k, bar\u0131nma, hastal\u0131k ve yaln\u0131zl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na getirdi\u011fi pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri okumak okuru \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine \u00e7eker. Roman\u0131 okuyanlar kendi dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 onunkiyle k\u0131yaslar. “Kurtlar taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsam ben ne yapard\u0131m?”<\/em> diyen okur say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7oktur. Muhtemelen Robinson’un yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yapamayacak denli korkmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Robinson Crusoe ‘nun pek \u00e7ok sayfas\u0131 kahraman\u0131n\u0131n manevi yolculu\u011funa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Robinson adada Tanr\u0131’y\u0131 bulur ve kriz anlar\u0131nda tekrar tekrar O’na d\u00f6ner, kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in dua eder ve bunun ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ona \u015f\u00fckreder. Kriz sona erer ermez de kendi pratik benli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fcp Tanr\u0131’y\u0131 unutur<\/strong>; kitab\u0131n sonunda Tanr\u0131’n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, kendi beceriklili\u011fi ve gayretiyle kurtulmu\u015f gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Defoe’nun roman\u0131 kurmaca m\u0131yd\u0131, ger\u00e7ek bir ya\u015fam hikayesinden mi al\u0131nt\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Defoe’nun roman\u0131, kamuya mal olmu\u015f ger\u00e7ek karakterlerin ya\u015fam\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu. Ama bunun roman\u0131n yazar\u0131 hi\u00e7 itiraf etmedi. Bu konudaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar uzun y\u0131llar devam etti, hala tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crusoe’nun hikayesi bize ister istemez Alexander Selkirk’\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7enleri hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1719’da Defoe Robinson Crusoe’nun ilk ve en \u00fcnl\u00fc cildini yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yazar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ismi kitab\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde ge\u00e7mez. Onun yerine kitab\u0131n \u00fczerinde \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r: Robinson Crusoe’nun Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve ilgin\u00e7, \u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 Maceralar\u0131\u2026 Kendisi Taraf\u0131ndan Yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla okuyanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu hik\u00e2yenin kurmaca olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, \u00f6yk\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekli\u011finden \u015f\u00fcphe eder; \u00f6yle ki Defoe sonraki y\u0131llarda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son cildi yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendini hik\u00e2yenin do\u011frulu\u011funu savunmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc hisseder. “Hik\u00e2yenin d\u00fczmece oldu\u011fu”<\/strong> kabul etmek yerine hik\u00e2yesinin “tarihsel”<\/strong> oldu\u011funda \u0131srar ederek \u015funlar\u0131 der: “Bu ki\u015fi hayattad\u0131r, tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f biridir ve hayat\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bu ciltlerin konusunu te\u015fkil eder.”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Defoe’nun ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fam\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda aynen Crusoe gibi riskli projelerin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Parf\u00fcm \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in misk kedisi yeti\u015ftirme i\u015fi iflasla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bor\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle iki kez hapse girmi\u015f, orada yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk elden deneyimlemi\u015ftir. Kitab\u0131n\u0131n bir yerindeki “ya\u015fam genel olarak evrensel bir yaln\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r, \u00f6yle olmal\u0131d\u0131r,<\/strong>” iddias\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, “tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi”<\/strong>nin Defoe’nun kendisi oldu\u011fu sonucuna varmak mant\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki ismin de “oe”<\/strong> ile bitmesi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Roman\u0131n, yazar\u0131n tecr\u00fcbelerinin g\u00fcnd\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015flerine i\u015flenmi\u015f hali oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yoruz. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Defoe’ya hak vermemek elde de\u011fil. Roman, birebir tarihsel olmayan bir hakikati, yani yazar\u0131n “hakikatini” <\/strong>anlatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Robinson Crusoe Adas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Tak\u0131madalar\u0131<\/em>‘n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck adas\u0131 olan Alejandro Selkirk Adas\u0131<\/strong>, bozulmam\u0131\u015f do\u011fas\u0131 ve e\u015fsiz flora ve faunas\u0131yla nadir ziyaret\u00e7ileri kendine \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1574 y\u0131l\u0131nda ke\u015ffedilmesinden bu yana, tak\u0131madalar hapishane, Peru ve \u015eili\u2019yi korsanlardan korumak i\u00e7in ileri \u00fcs ve f\u0131rt\u0131nalarda g\u00fcvenli bir liman olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Yerle\u015fimciler, denizciler ve mahkumlarla birlikte baz\u0131 hayvanlar da adaya geldi. Tak\u0131madalar 1935\u2019te milli park stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazand\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ada, y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k bin turist taraf\u0131ndan ziyaret ediliyor. G\u00f6zetleme yerinde, 1868 y\u0131l\u0131nda HMS Topaze m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolculu\u011fu anmak i\u00e7in bir plaket yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ge\u00e7enlerde bir sergide kar\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kan Robinson Crusoe’un orjinal bask\u0131s\u0131 beni bir kez daha o b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Hazine de\u011ferindeki bu kitab\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131 denizci Alexander Selkirk’\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Iss\u0131z bir adada ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Defoe’nun kitab\u0131na ilham kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Ya da biz \u00f6yle oldu\u011funu san\u0131yoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Defoe bu ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64955,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[1304,1295,1302,1299,1297,1298,1294,1300,1301,1296,1303],"class_list":["post-64947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gezi","tag-a-cruising-voyage-round-the-world","tag-alexander-selkirk","tag-alexander-selkirk-adasi","tag-daha-uzakta","tag-guney-pasifik-okyanusu","tag-juan-fernandez","tag-masafuera","tag-peru","tag-robinson-crusoe","tag-robinson-crusoe-adasi","tag-sili"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64947"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/64947\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/64955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}