<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye Amerikan n\u00fckleer silah y\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda Avrupa’da d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f \u00e7oktan bitti ama ondan geriye kalan n\u00fckleer bombalar duruyor! \u0130ncirlik \u00dcss\u00fc’ndeki Amerikan B-61 n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 me\u00e7hul d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015fken uzmanlar, bunlar gerekli mi, gereksiz mi anla\u015fam\u0131yorlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Pershing, Minuteman, SS20 f\u00fczeleri, Y\u0131ld\u0131z Sava\u015flar\u0131 Projesi, Detant, SALT ve START m\u00fcza kereleri, Reykjavik Zirvesi… Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k haf\u0131zalardan silinmeye y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f bu s\u00f6zc\u00fckler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz insan\u0131na ne ifade ediyor ki? Bunlar So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fckleer deh\u015fet dengesinin s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri… SoRuk Sava\u015f 10 y\u0131l \u00f6nce sona erdi; art\u0131k Amerika ve Rusya’n\u0131n n\u00fckleer bir sava\u015fa tutu\u015fma ihtimali yok denecek kadar az.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6nem belirsizlikler d\u00f6nemi; sosyalist ve kapitalist bloklar aras\u0131ndaki jeostratejik kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yerini \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar ald\u0131. Bir zamanlar d\u00fc\u015fman bloklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t n\u00fckleer \u015femsiyeleri ile korunan Avrasya’da \u015fimdi etnik sava\u015flar ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ve So\u011fuk Sava\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 n\u00fckleer silahlar da azalmakla birlikte yerinde duruyor. “Kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta var, bende de olsun ne olur ne olmaz” denilerek. K\u0131talararas\u0131 n\u00fckleer f\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131yan denizalt\u0131lar\u0131 saymazsak, bug\u00fcn kendi ulusal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda n\u00fckleer silah konu\u015fland\u0131ran tek \u00fclke ABD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Merkezi Washington’da bulunan ABD Do\u011fal Kaynaklar Savunma Kurulu’nun (NRDC) 13 Mart 1998 tarihinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporunda yer alan iddiaya g\u00f6re bu Amerikan n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131ndan on be\u015fi de T\u00fcrkiye’de, \u0130ncirlik \u00dcss\u00fc’nde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Raporda T\u00fcrkiye’nin Amerikan n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n\u0131n konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n NRDC uzmanlar\u0131 Stan Norris, Josh Handler ve Bill Arkin taraf\u0131mdan haz\u0131rlanan bu rapora g\u00f6re stat\u00fcs\u00fc T\u00fcrk Amerikan ikili savunma anla\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortak \u00fcs olarak belirlenen \u0130ncirlik\u2019te bulunan B-61 tipi, u\u00e7aktan at\u0131lan serbest d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc n\u00fckleer bombalar ABD Hava Kuvvetleri’nin envanterinde. Ev sahibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ise bu silahlar \u00fczerin de kullan\u0131m hak ve yetkisi bulunmuyor. Ancak, ABD’nin bu silahlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye’nin izni olmadan kullanmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu bombalar Hiro\u015fima’ya at\u0131lan 20 kilotonluk atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 9 kar\u0131na e\u015fit bir tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fc ne sahip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131 50’li ve 60’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Sovyet Blo\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 NATO’nun g\u00fcney kanat \u00fclkesi konumundaki T\u00fcrkiye’de, Bal\u0131kesir, M\u00fcrted ve \u0130ncirlik \u00fcslerine yerle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanan Amerikan n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n\u0131n, 1985’te 489 adede ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n NRDC’nin raporuna g\u00f6re 1985 y\u0131lda ABD s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dokuz \u00fclkede 6551 n\u00fckleer silah\u0131 bulunuyordu. O tarihler de T\u00fcrkiye’de konu\u015flanan silahlar tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 9 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131radayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1987’de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren N\u00fckleer Silahlar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131’ndan (SALT) sonra bu silahlar T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerden peyderpey \u00e7ekilmeye ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc seviyesine indi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B 61 bombalar\u0131 bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’nin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130talya, Yunanistan, Almanya, Bel\u00e7ika, Hollanda ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki siperlerde konu\u015flu bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1991’in Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda Sicilya’n\u0131n Taormina kentinde yap\u0131lan NATO N\u00fckleer Planlama Grubu toplant\u0131s\u0131nda ABD n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 80’ini geri \u00e7ekece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunu izleyen d\u00f6nemde ABD, Avrupa’daki n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltt\u0131. Yunanistan’daki Araos \u00dcss\u00fc’nde 164 olan n\u00fckleer silah say\u0131s\u0131 on y\u0131l sonra Hollanda ve Bel\u00e7ika ile birlikte onar bombaya du\u015ftu. 3396 n\u00fckleer silah ile birinci s\u0131rada o lan Almanya bug\u00fcn 45 adetle bu birincili\u011fi yine koruyor. \u0130kinci durumda olan \u0130ngiltere de bu \u00fclkede konu\u015flanan n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n 1268’den 30’a inmesine ra\u011fmen konumunu yitirmedi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131 \u00fclke \u0130talya; n\u00fckleer silah a dedi 549’dan 20’ye indi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00fckleer enerji uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. Tolga Yarman<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki n\u00fckleer deh\u015fet dengesinde, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda olu\u015fu nedeniyle fevkalade kritik bir i\u015flev \u00fcstlenen T\u00fcrkiye’de konu\u015flu bu silahlar\u0131n tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, eski Sovyetler Birli\u011fi hinterland\u0131n\u0131 birka\u00e7 defa topyek\u00fbn yok edecek seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eimdi ise bu silahlar\u0131n hedef ve i\u015flevlerinin ne oldu\u011fu belirsiz, t\u0131pk\u0131 d\u00f6nemin belirsizlikler donemi olmas\u0131 gibi… So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sona erdi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u015fimdi sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru bu Amerikan n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrkiye ve ABD aras\u0131ndaki hangi ortak \u00e7\u0131kar ve karar alma mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fclkemiz topraklar\u0131nda konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 oluyor… Rus n\u00fckleer tehdidine mi, yoksa n\u00fckleer silah pe\u015finde ko\u015fan \u0130ran\u2019a m\u0131 veya ba\u015fka Ortado\u011fu \u00fclkelerine kar\u015f\u0131 olarak m\u0131 bu bombalar halen T\u00fcrkiye’de?<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u0131\u015f Politika Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Seyfi Ta\u015fhan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cRus d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131n\u0131n hen\u00fcz tam ne olaca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fil. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n elinde de bu silahlar var. Bizim elimizde de cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir etken olarak bu silahlar\u0131n olmas\u0131 olumlu\u201d<\/em> diyor. Ta\u015fhan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcney kom\u015fular\u0131na da i\u015faret ediyor: \u201cN\u00fckleer silah geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgemizde baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin \u00e7abalar\u0131 var. Bu silahlar\u0131n tamamen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istersek bo\u015flukta kalmaz m\u0131y\u0131z?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Asker k\u00f6kenli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131-yazar Erol M\u00fctercimler ise bu n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den \u00e7ekilmesini savunuyor. M\u00fctercimler\u2019e g\u00f6re bu silahlar So\u011fuk Sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yordu ancak bug\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 zeminde ABD ve Rusya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmak \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, \u201cayn\u0131 yere bakt\u0131klar\u0131\u201d i\u00e7in karar al\u0131rken birlikte hareket ettiklerinden \u201cbu silahlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir anlam ifade etmiyor\u201d. M\u00fctercimler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin komsular\u0131 Iran, Irak ve Suriye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 n\u00fckleer silahlara ihtiyac\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da savunuyor ve \u201cmobilize ordular\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131\u201d seklinde cereyan edecek b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fckleer silah kullanmas\u0131na izin verilmeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131yor. M\u00fctercimler B 61\u2019lerin teknik \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde i\u015flevsiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu silahlar\u0131n art\u0131k \u201cdemode\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. M\u00fctercimler u\u00e7aktan hedefin \u00fczerine b\u0131rak\u0131lan modas\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015f bombalar\u0131n yerini art\u0131k \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131 f\u00fczelerin\u201d ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. Cengiz Okman\u2019a g\u00f6re ise n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n demode olmas\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00f6nemi yok: \u201cN\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n teknolojiye gereksinimi yok. Cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi var, yani psikolojik bir \u00f6zellik bu. Bu silahlar\u0131n teknolojik s\u00fcrati, nispi bak\u0131mdan konvansiyonel alandan geride takip ederler.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7evrecileri tabii ki hi\u00e7 mi hi\u00e7 ilgilendirmiyor. Onlar, tipine, adedine, tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fcne, demode olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya kar\u015f\u0131 tarafta da bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakm\u0131yorlar; \u201cBombalar d\u0131\u015far\u0131!\u201d<\/em> diyorlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hiro\u015fima’ya at\u0131lan\u0131n 9 kat\u0131<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n B-61’ler A-7, F-15, F-16 ve Tornado avc\u0131 – bombard\u0131man u\u00e7aklar\u0131ndan at\u0131lan, hedefin \u00fczerine serbest d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc silahlar. Para\u015f\u00fctle de at\u0131labilen bu bombalar\u0131n tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fc 1 kiloton ile 175 kiloton aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. 175 kilotonluk olanlar\u0131n tahrip g\u00fcc\u00fc Hiro\u015fima’ya at\u0131lan atom bombas\u0131n\u0131n 9 kat\u0131. B-61’ler yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 y\u0131ld\u0131r Amerikan m\u00fchimmat depolar\u0131nda ya da \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcslerde kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r bir \u015fekilde bekliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11-17 Nisan 1998 ArtiHaber Dergisi<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" So\u011fuk Sava\u015f \u00e7oktan bitti ama ondan geriye kalan n\u00fckleer bombalar duruyor! \u0130ncirlik \u00dcss\u00fc’ndeki Amerikan B-61 n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131 me\u00e7hul d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 konu\u015flanm\u0131\u015fken uzmanlar, bunlar gerekli mi, gereksiz mi anla\u015fam\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[42],"class_list":["post-41","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arti-haber","tag-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=41"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/41\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=41"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}B-61’in teknik \u00f6zellikleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n