<\/p>\n\n\n\n
14-20 Mart 1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130stanbul’un Kilyos-Karaburun sahillerinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve plans\u0131z kentle\u015fme b\u00f6lgedeki do\u011fal dengeyi alt\u00fcst etti. Kentin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki ye\u015fil alanlar 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde h\u0131zla tahrip edildi.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 18 y\u0131l arayla \u00e7ekilen bu iki uydu foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u0130stanbul’un Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki \u00e7evre katliam\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor. FENOMEN Dergisi’nin bu ayki say\u0131s\u0131nda yer alan bu iki foto\u011fraf ta ye\u015fil alanlar birer kara lekeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, bir zamanlar d\u00fcz bir \u00e7izgi gibi uzanan sahil \u015feridinde bilin\u00e7sizce yap\u0131lan dolgular nedeniyle koylar olu\u015ftu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130stanbul’un yok olan g\u00fczelliklerini, ya\u011fmalanan do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 nostalji tonuyla anlatmaya ve dinlemeye bay\u0131l\u0131r\u0131z. Her f\u0131rsatta kentteki ak\u0131l almaz de\u011fi\u015fimden dem vururuz. “Bu kent neden bu hale geldi?”<\/em> sorusunu sorar\u0131z da cevab\u0131n\u0131 verirken sorumsuzlu\u011fumuzu g\u00f6rmezden geliriz. Bir yandan kentle ilgili al\u0131nan her “kurtarma karar\u0131”n\u0131n ard\u0131na s tur, bir yandan da katledilen \u0130stanbul manzaras\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u0131p\u0131rdatmay\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ka\u011f\u0131thane’deki kay\u0131k sefalar\u0131na uzanmaya ya da G\u00f6ksu’daki \u00e7ay\u0131r sohbetlerini yad etmeye gerek yok. \u00c7ok de\u011fil, 20-30 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin foto\u011fraflar\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131mda \u0130stanbul\u2019un nereden nereye geldi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fiyor kalbimiz bile ama y\u00fczy\u0131llarla besli bir \u015fehir insan ya\u015fam\u0131ndan daha da h\u0131zl\u0131 bunca \u00e7abuk nas\u0131l yok olabilir.”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eair Ahmet Muhip Dranas’\u0131n da tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu nokta hepimizin akl\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er ancak yan\u0131tlar hi\u00e7bir zaman doyurucu olmaz. Kentin ye\u015fil alanlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc saya kar\u015f\u0131n ya\u011fmalanmaktan kurtulamaz. Kentte ya\u015fayanlar bu tahribat\u0131n fark\u0131na varmaz ya da umursamaz ama aradan ge\u00e7en y\u0131llar bu de\u011fi\u015fimi t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kentin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahribat\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 delillerden biri de ku\u015fkusuz \u0130stanbul\u2019un uzaydan \u00e7ekilen foto\u011fraflar\u0131. FENOMEN Dergisi Marmara Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Uzay Teknolojisi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc’nden elde etti\u011fi iki ayr\u0131 uydu foto\u011fraf\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle kentin “akci\u011ferleri” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan kuzey ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yok edildi\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Foto\u011fraflardan ilki 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir uydu taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f. \u0130stanbul\u2019un Avrupa yakas\u0131nda kentin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar uzanan kuzey b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki ye\u015fil alanlar\u0131n hen\u00fcz ya\u011fmalanmadan \u00f6nceki halini g\u00f6steriyor. Karadeniz sahillerine kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgenin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn orman alan\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a se\u00e7ilebiliyor. Hemen yan\u0131ndaki di\u011fer foto\u011fraf ise ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgenin 1993 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki durumunu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu foto\u011frafta bilin\u00e7siz ve ka\u00e7ak yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n kemirerek yok etti\u011fi orman alanlar\u0131 ve Karadeniz sahillerinin i\u00e7ler ac\u0131s\u0131 durumu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor. \u00d6zellikle Karadeniz sahillerindeki b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fanan tahribat t\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131plakl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gize \u00e7arp\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kentin bu b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fananlar\u0131 cinayet olarak adland\u0131rmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bu cinayetin sorumlular\u0131 \u0130stanbul’un Karadeniz’le bulu\u015ftu\u011fu Kilyos-Karaburun sahillerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m as\u0131rdan bu yana do\u011fay\u0131 katleden maden ocaklar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130stanbul’un Karadeniz sahillerinde ya\u015faman do\u011fa felaketinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fi 1970’lere dayam\u0131yor. O y\u0131llarda petrol krizi nedeniyle \u0130stanbul\u2019daki kaloriler kazanlar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcre \u00e7evrilince k\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fclerin \u00fcretimi yetersiz kald\u0131. K\u00f6m\u00fcr s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gidermek ciddi bir problem oldu. D\u00f6nemin \u0130stanbul belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131, valisi hatta kuvvet komutanlar\u0131, Kilyos-Karaburun ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndaki ocak sahibi \u015firketleri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131lar ve onlardan \u015fu istekte bulundular:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cKara k\u0131\u015f kap\u0131da. Ne yap\u0131p edin, istedi\u011finiz yeri kaz\u0131n, \u0130stanbul\u2019a k\u00f6m\u00fcr yeti\u015ftirin.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u00f6m\u00fcr krizinin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bulunan bu ge\u00e7ici \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn kente nelere mal olaca\u011f\u0131 o y\u0131llarda kimsenin akl\u0131ndan ge\u00e7miyordu, ya da bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi kimse y\u00fcksek sesle dile getiremiyordu. Bu seferberlik \u00f6yle bir hal ald\u0131 ki belediyenin ve askeriyenin kamyonlar\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fclere tahsis edilerek Karaburun sahillerinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcrler \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019un kuzey ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n yok olu\u015fu, Karadeniz sahillerinin \u00e7orakla\u015fmas\u0131, yapay bir sahil \u015feridinin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131 b\u00f6yle at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n O g\u00fcn bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr ne devletin ne de belediyenin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kilyos Karaburun b\u00f6lgesinde say\u0131lar\u0131 bir elin parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7meyen maden \u015firketleri T\u00fcrkiye’nin belki de en \u00f6zg\u00fcr, en ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olarak uygar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kabul etmedi\u011fi kalitede bol zehirli bir k\u00f6m\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131p \u0130stanbul\u2019a \u00f6zg\u00fcrce pazarlad\u0131. Yine ayn\u0131 \u015firketler yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7evre tahribat\u0131 ve k\u0131y\u0131 ya\u011fmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda ka\u00e7ak kum satarak ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr sat\u0131\u015f\u0131yla uygarl\u0131\u011fa ve insanl\u0131\u011fa a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a meydan okudular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 50 y\u0131ldan bu yana faaliyet g\u00f6steren k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131 Rumeli Feneri, Sar\u0131yer \u00fcst\u00fc, Kilyos, Bah\u00e7ek\u00f6y ve Kemerburgaz’dan Istrancalar’a kadar olan binlerce hektar topra\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve ye\u015fil dokuyu tahrip etti. Bunun la da yetinmeyen madenciler \u00e7\u0131kan milyonlarca metrek\u00fcp topra\u011f\u0131 denize d\u00f6kerek denizdeki canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 olumsuz etkiledi. Meydana gelen deniz dolgusu da do\u011fal sahil \u015feridinin de\u011fi\u015fmesine dengelerin alt\u00fcst olmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgeye h\u00e2kim olan maden \u015firketlerinin bu tahribat\u0131 iki koldan devam etti. Bir yandan kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131n hazineden ald\u0131klar\u0131 40 kilometrelik alandaki ormanlar\u0131 yok ettiler ve kendilerine uygun kaz\u0131 arazileri yaratt\u0131lar, bir yandan da bu alanlardan \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131klar\u0131 killi topra\u011f\u0131 denize d\u00f6kerek yer yer 2 kilometreye varan k\u0131y\u0131 dolgu alanlar\u0131 yaratt\u0131lar. Bu son i\u015flemle sadece karadaki do\u011fal d\u00fczeni bozmakla kalmad\u0131lar denizdeki do\u011fal dengeyi de alt\u00fcst ettiler. Madencilerin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolgu b\u00f6lgelerinden sonra kalkan ve tekir bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yumurtalama alanlar\u0131 tahrip edilerek yapay araziler kazan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar olup biterken b\u00f6lgeyi korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir duyars\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7indeydiler. Enerji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilileri madencileri kollayan bir tutum i\u00e7ine girerek “Buradaki k\u00f6m\u00fcrler devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kal\u0131rsa \u0130stanbul’a enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 bulmakta zorlan\u0131r” tarz\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulundular. \u00c7evrenin korunmas\u0131ndan sorumlu \u00c7evre Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkilileri de tam bir kara mizah \u00f6rne\u011fi sergileyerek “Bizim bu konuya m\u00fcdahale etme yetkimiz \u00e7ok az ve elimiz kolumuz ba\u011fl\u0131” dediler. Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan gelen a\u00e7\u0131klamalar da ilgin\u00e7ti “Bu arazilerin yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara tahsisini engelleyemiyoruz: tahsis edildikten sonra da korumak i\u00e7in denetleyemiyoruz. \u0130\u015f, tamamen madencilerin vicdan\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015f…”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130stanbul\u2019un akci\u011ferleri kabul edilen kuzey ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n katledilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda madenciler yaln\u0131z de\u011fildi. Bu \u00e7evre katliam\u0131nda Anadolu’dan kente g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn etkisi de b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc. Kente sonradan gelenler, varo\u015flarda yer bulamaman\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015famad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar kentin m\u00fccavir alan\u0131 diye tabir edilen metropol d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgede zaman i\u00e7inde yeni yerle\u015fim birimlerinin temellerini att\u0131lar. \u0130stanbul’un yeni misafirleri, yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yanlar\u0131na yerle\u015fme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirip bu yeni merkezlerin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine neden oldu. Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar bu olu\u015fumum h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 yakalamakta yetersiz kalsa da T\u00fcrkiye genelinde gecekondular taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilen toplam 227 milyon metrekarelik hazine arazisinin 100 milyon metrekarelik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulundu\u011fu tespit edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 14-20 Mart 1998<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130stanbul’un Kilyos-Karaburun sahillerinden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve plans\u0131z kentle\u015fme b\u00f6lgedeki do\u011fal dengeyi alt\u00fcst etti. Kentin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki ye\u015fil alanlar 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde h\u0131zla tahrip edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":753,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-40","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arti-haber","tag-artihaber"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Petrol kriziyle gelen facia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ki koldan tahribat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ya\u011fmalanan kent: \u0130stanbul<\/h2>\n\n\n\n