{"id":20,"date":"1999-06-13T07:36:55","date_gmt":"1999-06-13T04:36:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/?p=20"},"modified":"2023-03-09T15:27:24","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T12:27:24","slug":"amerikan-dusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/amerikan-dusu\/","title":{"rendered":"Amerikan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc devam ediyor"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan insanlar i\u00e7in o d\u00f6nemde yeni bir umut olmu\u015ftu. Kimi din bask\u0131s\u0131ndan, kimi ya\u015fama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak bu k\u0131taya g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Bu insan mozai\u011finin meydana getirdi\u011fi ABD, d\u00fcnya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda yerini al\u0131rken farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri bu yeni k\u0131taya ta\u015f\u0131yan insanlar kendilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nabilecekleri bir toprak bulman\u0131n sevincindeydi. G\u00f6\u00e7 y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc, bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tarihten gelen bir \u00f6zellik olsa gerek, ABD g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u00fclkelerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Yasal yollardan bu \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7en insanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda illegal olarak ABD\u2019de ya\u015famay\u0131 tercih edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor. Ama\u00e7 eskisinden biraz farkl\u0131 olsa da bu topraklara ayak basan umut yolcular\u0131 g\u00fczel bir ya\u015fam\u0131n hayalini kuruyor. Ancak bu farkl\u0131 dile, farkl\u0131 dine sahip insanlardan hi\u00e7biri Meksikal\u0131lar kadar bu d\u00fc\u015fe yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. \u0130ki \u00fclke d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn, biri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fc olsun, di\u011feri yoksullu\u011fun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelemesin. Birinde ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131 tavana vururken di\u011ferinde ekonomik sorunlar \u00fclkeyi kas\u0131p savursun. Ve bu iki \u00fclke birbirine s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olsun. S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz \u00fclkeler, ABD ve Meksika. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki kom\u015fuluk ili\u015fkilerinde g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr problemler ya\u015fanmasa da ABD ve Meksika\u2019n\u0131n \u201chas\u0131ralt\u0131\u201d etti\u011fi g\u00f6\u00e7 sorunu \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konuyu rakamlarla anlatmak gerekirse bu sorunun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc daha kolay anlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacak. Her ay ortalama 10 bin Meksikal\u0131 yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan ABD\u2019ye giri\u015f yap\u0131yor. Bu say\u0131 y\u0131lda 250 bin ki\u015fiyi buluyor. 270 milyonluk ABD\u2019nin 55 milyonu illegal olarak bu \u00fclkede ya\u015f\u0131yor. ABD\u2019ye yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan yap\u0131lan giri\u015flerde genellikle Meksika s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 tercih ediliyor. Say\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda baz\u0131 istenmeyen olaylar da meydana gelebiliyor, yani ABD\u2019de \u00f6zellikle bu g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin toplu halde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde su\u00e7 oran\u0131 s\u00fcrekli y\u00fckseliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte bu noktada Amerikan halk\u0131 da sesini y\u00fckseltiyor. Ancak sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenememesine kimse doyurucu bir yan\u0131t veremiyor ve bu durum biraz zihinleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en geli\u015fmi\u015f g\u00fcvenlik sistemlerini kullanan bir \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015flerini nas\u0131l olup da \u00f6nleyemedi\u011fi zihinleri kurcal\u0131yor. Bu noktada pek \u00e7ok Amerikal\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden m\u0131r\u0131ldand\u0131\u011f\u0131 konuyu isterseniz biz size aktaral\u0131m. \u0130llegal ge\u00e7i\u015fler istenildi\u011fi takdirde engellenebilir, ancak bu yap\u0131lm\u0131yor, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ABD bu yolla ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc kullan\u0131yor. \u00dclkede kimsenin yapmaya yana\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 pek \u00e7ok i\u015f Meksikal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc sosyal g\u00fcvenlik de istemiyor. Onlar i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan bir saat ba\u015f\u0131na alacaklar\u0131 5 dolarl\u0131k asgari \u00fccret. Teksas, Arizona ve California, ABD\u2019nin Meksika\u2019yla s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u00fc\u00e7 eyaleti. Teksas ve California eyaletlerinin son y\u0131llarda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri nedeniyle Meksikal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7menler Arizona s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n b\u00f6lgelerde kar\u015f\u0131 tarafa ge\u00e7ecekleri en uygun zaman\u0131 kolluyor. 350 mil uzunlu\u011fundaki bu s\u0131n\u0131rda devriye gezen polislerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi yok. \u00c7\u00f6ldeki bu alanda dikenli teller ya da buna benzer herhangi bir fiziki engel bulunmuyor. Meksika s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda haz\u0131r bekleyen g\u00f6\u00e7menler \u00f6zellikle s\u0131n\u0131r polisinin n\u00f6bet de\u011fi\u015fim saatlerinde ge\u00e7i\u015fleri yap\u0131yor. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ge\u00e7meyi ba\u015faran g\u00f6\u00e7menler en yak\u0131n karayoluna ula\u015f\u0131p \u00fclkenin \u00e7e\u015fitli eyaletlerine da\u011f\u0131labiliyor, yakalananlar ise s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ediliyor. Ancak bu insanlar hi\u00e7bir zaman umutlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirmiyor ve ilk f\u0131rsatta s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 tekrar ge\u00e7meyi deniyor. S\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015flerini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla Meksika\u2019daki yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 1000 dolar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6\u00e7menlere s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ge\u00e7irme s\u00f6z\u00fc veriyor. Bu gruplar\u0131n ABD topraklar\u0131ndaki uzant\u0131lar\u0131 da s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ge\u00e7enleri istedikleri yere ula\u015ft\u0131rmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Meksika\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan Teksas, Arizona ve California\u2019da n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cHispanic\u201dler yani Meksika ve di\u011fer orta ve g\u00fcney Amerika \u00fclkelerinden g\u00f6\u00e7en insanlar olu\u015fturuyor. Hatta baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde Hispaniclerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu yerli Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7iyor. Devlet dairelerinden bankalara, restoranlardan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerine kadar herkes \u0130spanyolca konu\u015fuyor, yaz\u0131yor. B\u00f6lgedeki sokak i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve mahalle adlar\u0131 dahil \u0130spanyolca. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 eyaletteki Meksikal\u0131 n\u00fcfusun g\u00fcc\u00fc, Meksikal\u0131 siyasilerin de r\u00fcyalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsl\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7en g\u00fcnlerde ilk yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 gezisini California\u2019ya yapan Meksika Ba\u015fbakan\u0131, Los Angeles\u2019ta kalabal\u0131k bir gruba hitaben yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Meksikal\u0131lara kendisini se\u00e7tikleri i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr edebiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130llegal s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015fleri ABD i\u00e7in ciddi bir sorun olarak alg\u0131lanmasa da Amerikal\u0131lar bu duruma hi\u00e7 de s\u0131cak bakm\u0131yorlar. \u00d6zellikle Meksikal\u0131 n\u00fcfusun yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde harcamalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n evlerine, i\u015fyerlerine ald\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri olu\u015fturuyor. Do\u011fal olarak bu durum baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da i\u015fine geliyor. B\u00f6lgede ad\u0131 konulmam\u0131\u015f bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Her \u015feyin parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir toplumda daha \u00e7ok insan, daha \u00e7ok ticaret anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Son g\u00fcnlerde Arizona\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r kasabas\u0131 Douglas bu s\u00f6ylediklerimize g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturuyor. Tam anlam\u0131yla yol ge\u00e7en han\u0131na d\u00f6nen bu s\u0131n\u0131r kasabas\u0131nda ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan Amerikal\u0131lar hallerinden bir hayli memnun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Ula\u015f\u0131m, konaklama ve yiyecek sekt\u00f6rlerinde g\u00f6\u00e7menler sayesinde bir patlama ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Hatta i\u015fyeri sahipleri kendi aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ankette \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131l 200 bin g\u00f6\u00e7menin kasabalar\u0131na gelece\u011fini tahmin ederek i\u015f durumlar\u0131n\u0131 bu say\u0131ya g\u00f6re ayarl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar 2 otob\u00fcs \u015firketi bulunan kasabada bug\u00fcn 30\u2019un \u00fczerinde otob\u00fcs \u015firketi a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6\u00e7menlere hizmet veriyor. Motellerde \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f odalar\u0131n fiyatlar\u0131 40 ila 100 dolar aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Yani her y\u0131l binlerce Meksikal\u0131, sa\u011flam bir gelecek umuduyla bu topraklara bir \u015fekilde giriyor. Kimi tutunuyor, kimi tutuklan\u0131yor. Kendilerine b\u00f6ylesine riskli bir maceran\u0131n nedeni soruldu\u011funda a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan iki kelime \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u201cPor trabajo\u201d yani bizdeki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u201cekmek paras\u0131\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n


13 Haziran 1999 Cumhuriyet Gazetesi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015fayan insanlar i\u00e7in o d\u00f6nemde yeni bir umut olmu\u015ftu. Kimi din bask\u0131s\u0131ndan, kimi ya\u015fama \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131larak bu k\u0131taya g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Bu insan mozai\u011finin meydana getirdi\u011fi ABD, d\u00fcnya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda yerini al\u0131rken farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri bu yeni k\u0131taya ta\u015f\u0131yan insanlar kendilerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nabilecekleri bir toprak bulman\u0131n sevincindeydi. G\u00f6\u00e7 y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc, bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Tarihten gelen bir \u00f6zellik olsa gerek, ABD g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok g\u00f6\u00e7 alan \u00fclkelerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Yasal yollardan bu \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7en insanlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda illegal olarak ABD\u2019de ya\u015famay\u0131 tercih edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor. Ama\u00e7 eskisinden biraz farkl\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":656,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1326],"tags":[1331,40,161,1324],"class_list":["post-20","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-remzi-gokdag-cumhuriyet-haber-arsivi-1999","tag-1331","tag-abd","tag-cumhuriyet","tag-cumhuriyet-abd-arsivim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}