{"id":1139,"date":"1999-05-02T11:54:00","date_gmt":"1999-05-02T08:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/?p=1139"},"modified":"2023-03-09T15:26:52","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T12:26:52","slug":"hayalet-kasabalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/hayalet-kasabalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Vah\u015fi Bat\u0131n\u0131n Hayalet Kasabalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vah\u015fi bat\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fumuz Hollywood yap\u0131m\u0131 filmlerden biliriz. Sald\u0131rgan K\u0131z\u0131lderililere kar\u015f\u0131 iyi niyetli beyaz adam\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi kovboy filmlerinin vazge\u00e7ilmez temas\u0131d\u0131r. Son zamanlarda yap\u0131lan birka\u00e7 film d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmez kural, K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin kafa derisi y\u00fczen bir \u0131rk olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Beyaz adamla K\u0131z\u0131lderililer aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce noktalanan bu sava\u015f Amerikan tarihinin de renkli sayfalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bu sayfalar, beyaz adam\u0131n k\u0131tan\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmesi, ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131 yeni topraklar\u0131 ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131yla devam eder. G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn temelinde yatan ger\u00e7ek bat\u0131da var oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan zengin alt\u0131n madenleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z topraklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u2018vah\u015fi\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etken, insan\u0131n do\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi amans\u0131z m\u00fccadeleden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 y\u0131l \u00f6nce alt\u0131n bulmak amac\u0131yla bat\u0131ya ba\u015flayan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn kahramanlar\u0131 sadece zengin olman\u0131n hayalini kurmuyordu. Kendi kurallar\u0131nda ya\u015fayabilecekleri el de\u011fmemi\u015f topraklar\u0131 da fethetmek istiyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu insanlar ceplerinde saklad\u0131klar\u0131 hayali alt\u0131n haritalar\u0131yla vah\u015fi bat\u0131n\u0131n yolunu tuttu\u011funda Amerikan tarihinde yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eansl\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131k kendilerini bir anda zengin edecek alt\u0131n madenlerine ula\u015ft\u0131ysa da bat\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hayallerini arad\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131n madenlerine g\u00f6md\u00fc. Bu madenler California, Nevada, Arizona eyalatlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yordu. Topraklar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6llerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bu eyaletlerde, insana ya\u015fama imkan\u0131 tan\u0131mayan do\u011fa \u015fartlar\u0131na uyum sa\u011flamak bir hayli zor oldu. Buna ra\u011fmen alt\u0131na hucumun da etkisiyle k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bu ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en eyalet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce kasaba olu\u015ftu. \u00c7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fen, o g\u00fcnlerde binlerce insan\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran, herkesin ak\u0131n etti\u011fi bu kasabalar o y\u0131llarda gelece\u011fin kendilerine oynayaca\u011f\u0131 oyundan habersizdi. Ortak kaderlerinin terk edilmek oldu\u011funu anlayabilmeleri i\u00e7in 15-20 y\u0131l daha ge\u00e7ecekti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u00e7bir altyap\u0131ya gereksinim duyulmadan birbiri ard\u0131na kurulan bu kasabalar\u0131n hayat\u0131 fazla uzun s\u00fcrm\u00fcyordu. Kurulu\u015f nedenleri yak\u0131nlardaki alt\u0131n ya da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madenydi. B\u00f6lgede alt\u0131n bulunduysa bu haber k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yay\u0131l\u0131yor, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden insanlar ak\u0131n ak\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye geliyordu. Kimi madende \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, kimi kendi madenlerini kurabilmek i\u00e7in kazma k\u00fcrek sall\u0131yordu. Kazd\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7ukurlarda alt\u0131n ya da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f t\u00fckendi\u011finde bu kasabalar\u0131 terkedenler, yeni gelen alt\u0131n haberlerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgelere y\u00f6neliyordu. Geride b\u0131rak\u0131lan kasaban\u0131n kaderi do\u011fan\u0131n ac\u0131mas\u0131z \u015fartlar\u0131na dayanamayarak yokolmaktan ba\u015fka bir\u015fey de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terk edilen kasabalar bir s\u00fcre sonra ortak adla an\u0131l\u0131r oldu. Onlar art\u0131k Vah\u015fi Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u2018Hayalet Kasabalar\u0131\u2019yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yaz s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kavurdu\u011fu bir \u00f6\u011fle saatinde Los Angeles-Las Vegas aras\u0131nda uzanan u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn bir kenar\u0131nda yer alan bu kasabalardan birine yolum d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sierra Nevada \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde bir yamac\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine 150 y\u0131l \u00f6nce kurulan bu hayalet kasaban\u0131n ad\u0131 Calico\u2019ydu. Hikayesi diger hayalet kasabalara benziyor onun da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7\u00f6l\u00fcn nefes almay\u0131 bile zorla\u015ft\u0131ran s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda Calico’nun meydan\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrken bir yandan da kasaban\u0131n kurulu\u015f hikayesini okuyordum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alt\u0131na hucumun ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u2026 \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fcn \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131nda mataralar\u0131ndaki son damla suyu g\u00fcnler \u00f6ncesi t\u00fcketen \u00fc\u00e7 kafadar, kendilerine g\u00f6lge bir yer bulmak i\u00e7in ama\u00e7s\u0131zca bat\u0131ya do\u011fru yol al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Onlar da digerleri gibi alt\u0131n aramaktan vazge\u00e7ip Los Angeles’e yerle\u015fmeye karar vermi\u015flerdi. Ancak yolculu\u011fu tamamlayacak g\u00fc\u00e7leri de t\u00fckenmi\u015fti. Atlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yar\u0131 bayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde yol alan madencilerden biri ilgin\u00e7 bir\u015fey g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Uzakta bir yerde k\u0131z\u0131l renkli bir tepenin cilalanm\u0131\u015f bir silah gibi parlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 farketti\u011finde hemen arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 uyard\u0131. Atlar\u0131n\u0131 bu tepeye s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Tepeye vard\u0131klar\u0131nda her yerin par\u0131ldayan ta\u015flarla kapl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden ta\u015flar\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f filiziyle kapl\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark ettiler. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi yamac\u0131n hemen dibinde kurumak \u00fczere olan bir su kayna\u011f\u0131 ke\u015ffettiler. Arad\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131na ula\u015famasalar da bulduklar\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f onlar\u0131 hayalini kurduklar\u0131 zenginli\u011fe ula\u015ft\u0131rmaya yetiyordu. Sierra Nevada’da bir g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f madeninin bulunu\u015fu civarda bomba etkisi yaratt\u0131. Bir anda b\u00f6lge alt\u0131n aray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131n\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131, tepenin yamac\u0131nda maden ocaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Madenin hemen yan\u0131nda da tahta barakalardan olu\u015fan kovboy filmlerinden a\u015fina oldu\u011fumuz bir kasaba kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Madendeki g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede t\u00fckendi\u011finde Calico sakinlerinin de art\u0131k \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn ortas\u0131ndaki bu kavurucu s\u0131cakta ya\u015famalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir nedeni kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften elde ettikleri paray\u0131 ceplerine koyup kendilerine ba\u015fka mekan aramaya koyuldular. \u00c7o\u011funluk okyanusa yak\u0131n yerleri se\u00e7ti. Kasaba bir anda unutuldu. Maden ocaklar\u0131 birer birer \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. S\u0131ca\u011fa dayanamayan kasaban\u0131n ah\u015fap binalar\u0131 da \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kasaban\u0131n son yerlisi Calico’yu 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda terk etti. Vah\u015fi bat\u0131da hayalet kasabalara bir yenisi daha eklenmi\u015fti. Amerikan tarihinin bu \u00f6nemli s\u00fcrecine tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden Calico, bug\u00fcn turistlerin gezdi\u011fi bir a\u00e7\u0131khava m\u00fczesi konumunda. Tarihi eser alan\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu mekan devletin ve \u00f6zel ki\u015filerin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fonlarla ayakta duruyor, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir titizlikle korunuyor, y\u0131l\u0131n her d\u00f6neminde binlerce turisti a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131yor. Ad\u0131na festivaller d\u00fczenleniyor, kitaplar yaz\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sadece Calico i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil bu anlatt\u0131klar\u0131m. California, Nevada, Utah ve Arizona s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan y\u00fczlerce hayalet kasaba ayn\u0131 \u00f6zenle korunuyor. Y\u00f6rede ya\u015fayan Amerikan halk\u0131 Calico’nun geliriyle ge\u00e7iniyor. B\u00f6yle olunca da kasabada at\u0131lan her ad\u0131m dolarla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amerikan halk\u0131 bu mekanlarda bir anlamda kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini buluyor ve Western k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fatabilmenin m\u00fccadelesini veriyor. 150 y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan hayalet kasabalar bug\u00fcn Amerikan turizm sektor\u00fcn\u00fcn en onemli kalemini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2 May\u0131s 1999’da Cumhuriyet Gazetesi’nde yay\u0131nland\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vah\u015fi bat\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fumuz Hollywood yap\u0131m\u0131 filmlerden biliriz. Sald\u0131rgan K\u0131z\u0131lderililere kar\u015f\u0131 iyi niyetli beyaz adam\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi kovboy filmlerinin vazge\u00e7ilmez temas\u0131d\u0131r. Son zamanlarda yap\u0131lan birka\u00e7 film d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmez kural, K\u0131z\u0131lderililerin kafa derisi y\u00fczen bir \u0131rk olarak tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Beyaz adamla K\u0131z\u0131lderililer aras\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir as\u0131r \u00f6nce noktalanan bu sava\u015f Amerikan tarihinin de renkli sayfalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bu sayfalar, beyaz adam\u0131n k\u0131tan\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmesi, ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131 yeni topraklar\u0131 ke\u015ffe \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131yla devam eder. G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn temelinde yatan ger\u00e7ek bat\u0131da var oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lan zengin alt\u0131n madenleridir. Bu u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z topraklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u2018vah\u015fi\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etken, insan\u0131n do\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi amans\u0131z m\u00fccadeleden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 y\u0131l \u00f6nce alt\u0131n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1141,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1326],"tags":[1331,40,161,1324],"class_list":["post-1139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-remzi-gokdag-cumhuriyet-haber-arsivi-1999","tag-1331","tag-abd","tag-cumhuriyet","tag-cumhuriyet-abd-arsivim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1139"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.remgo.com\/11\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}